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Notable football skills and tactics
An association football pitch is in tactical terms often divided into thirds of 35 metres each, π given standard size of pitch, so as to reference the three different stages of play.[1]
Team tactics as well as individual π skills are integral for playing association football. In theory, association football is a very simple game, as illustrated by Kevin π Keegan's namely assertion that his tactics for winning a match were to "score more goals than the opposition". Tactical prowess π within the sport is nonetheless a craftsmanship of its own, and one of the reasons why managers are paid well π on the elite level. Well-organised and ready teams are often seen beating teams with more skillful players on paper. Manuals π and books generally cover not only individual skills but tactics as well.[2][3]
Association football teams consist of ten outfield players and π one goalkeeper, which makes passing an integral part of game strategy, and is taught to players from a young age. π Other skills taught to players on an individual level are dribbling, heading the ball and ball control for receiving the π ball. Other skills that are taught individually are jockeying for defenders, and shot stopping for goalkeepers. In terms of complexity, π lower levels of the game such as youth leagues, amateur leagues and semi-professional leagues primarily focus on the fundamentals of π the game, whereas higher levels of the game β as it regards to professional football teams β will increase complexity π and level of detail in strategy of the game.[4][5]
General principles [ edit ]
Width and depth are principles of both offence π and defence:[2][6][7][8]
Width in attack : The attacking side tries to divide the defence by diversifying points of attack across a π broad front, rather than attempting to force advances through narrow channels. This may involve play from the wings, or rapid π shifting into open lanes/open space when approaching the goal. Often gaps are made between defenders using the width of wingers. π Gaps can then be used to feed the ball to strikers.
: The attacking side tries to divide the defence by π diversifying points of attack across a broad front, rather than attempting to force advances through narrow channels. This may involve π play from the wings, or rapid shifting into open lanes/open space when approaching the goal. Often gaps are made between π defenders using the width of wingers. Gaps can then be used to feed the ball to strikers. Width in defence π : The defending side responds, either through increasing width or strong side tilt, in an attempt to contract and deny π width. Attackers are "shepherded" or channeled into narrower or more crowded avenues of space.
: The defending side responds, either through π increasing width or strong side tilt, in an attempt to contract and deny width. Attackers are "shepherded" or channeled into π narrower or more crowded avenues of space. Depth in attack : The attacking side uses the depth of the pitch π by moving men either up from the rear, or down from the top, but may use a constant "target striker" π or front man to always invoke a presence deep in the defence.
: The attacking side uses the depth of the π pitch by moving men either up from the rear, or down from the top, but may use a constant "target π striker" or front man to always invoke a presence deep in the defence. Depth in defence : The defending side π also uses depth by marking the supporting players of the opposing team, and holding a man back as cover for π elevated opposing players, sometimes in a "sweeper" or "libero" role. The attacking player with the ball will have trouble finding π anyone open for a pass. Defenders may alternatively abandon depth temporarily to set an offside trap.
: The defending side also π uses depth by marking the supporting players of the opposing team, and holding a man back as cover for elevated π opposing players, sometimes in a "sweeper" or "libero" role. The attacking player with the ball will have trouble finding anyone π open for a pass. Defenders may alternatively abandon depth temporarily to set an offside trap. Balance in defence: The defending π side attempts a balanced coverage of space. Defenders do not simply cluster on the right side for example, just because π the ball is there at that time.
Substitutions [ edit ]
In FIFA 11-a-side competitive fixtures, teams are allowed to substitute up π to five players during games. The rules of the competition state that all players and substitutes shall be named before π kick-off and anyone not named in the starting lineup who takes to the field of play is considered a substitution.[9] π In non-competitive matches, the use of substitutes must be determined before the match begins, except in friendly international matches, where π no more than six substitutes may be brought on.[4][10]
The most tired players are generally substituted, but only if their substitutes π are well trained to fill in the same role, or if the formation is transformed at the same time to π accommodate for the substitution.
Coaches often refrain from substituting defensive players in order not to disrupt the defensive posture of the π team. Instead, they often replace ineffective attackers or unimaginative midfielders in order to freshen up the attacking posture and increase π their chances of scoring.
For a team that is losing a game, a fresh striker can bring more benefit in circumventing π an opposed defence line composed of relatively tired players. For a team that is winning a game, a fresh midfielder π or a defender can bring more benefit in strengthening the defence against the opposition's attackers (who may be fresh substitutes π themselves). In this situation, for the winning team, it is usually imaginative attacking flair players who are replaced by tough-tackling π defensive midfielders or defenders.
Injured players may also need to be substituted. For each injured player who must be substituted, the π team loses one more opportunity to influence things later in the game to their favour.
Attacking tactics [ edit ]
One consideration π that teams have to make when in possession of the ball, is what degree of risk-taking to impose on attack. π Playing with lower margins may constitute higher reward, but is also associated with higher risks, as defensive sides can exploit π transitions to their favour with a counter-attacking style of play.[11] Higher margins means more security in ball control, but may π also lead to longer periods of play without creating scoring chances. Association football offense requires high levels of anticipation skills π in all its participating players, as a lot of decisions have to be made before the actual attacking play is π made.[12]
Attacking [ edit ]
Pass and move : Having the ball in their possession, the player needs to choose quickly whether π to pass it or not. If they do not pass it immediately, they need to move with it; if they π do pass it, they again need to move along, following the general ball movement. This can also be used to π mean that once a player has passed the ball he does not remain stationary but moves into a position where π he can receive the ball again and give more options to the player in possession. The aim is to create π a forward motion by moving the ball across areas where the defence are not (easily) able to create any momentum π for themselves. [13] : 16, 38β39
: Having the ball in their possession, the player needs to choose quickly whether to π pass it or not. If they do not pass it immediately, they need to move with it; if they do π pass it, they again need to move along, following the general ball movement. This can also be used to mean π that once a player has passed the ball he does not remain stationary but moves into a position where he π can receive the ball again and give more options to the player in possession. The aim is to create a π forward motion by moving the ball across areas where the defence are not (easily) able to create any momentum for π themselves. Give and go: Essentially a type of "pass and move", and an essential part of the "target man" style π of play (see below). The player in possession of the ball plays a pass to a teammate and then immediately π seeks to move into free space. If the passer can "lose" their defensive marker (either through pace, movement, superior fitness π or a lack of awareness on the part of the defender) they are then free to receive a return pass π and advance towards the goal and possible create (or finish) a scoring chance. When the ball is immediately returned to π the first player this is known as a "one-two" (in British parlance). A version of this play involving a through π ball into space as a return to the initial passer (known as a wall pass [13] : 30 ) is π sometimes used to get past the first level of defence (for example).[14]
Ex. 1 - Switching sides
Switching sides : The use π of a square or cross pass across the width of the pitch to a player on the far side is π an effective option for relieving pressure and opening up spaces for the attack. The defending team will have to adjust π their positions and this normally opens up space that may be exploited. In this example, the player numbered 1 has π moved out of position, allowing more space for the opposing player. By playing the ball to the other side (the π curved line represents an aerial pass), the recipient of the pass finds themselves in open space. [10] [15] (See Ex. π 1)
: The use of a or pass across the width of the pitch to a player on the far side π is an effective option for relieving pressure and opening up spaces for the attack. The defending team will have to π adjust their positions and this normally opens up space that may be exploited. In this example, the player numbered 1 π has moved out of position, allowing more space for the opposing player. By playing the ball to the other side π (the curved line represents an aerial pass), the recipient of the pass finds themselves in open space. (See Ex. 1) π Through ball (slide-rule pass): Starts with space identified behind the opponent's defensive line. Passes into this area have a number π of upsides: If an attacking player manages to receive the pass while onside, the player may end up with a π 1-on-1 opportunity with the goalkeeper, or otherwise be in an advanced position for a wide attack. If a defender intercepts π the pass, the outcome could still be good for the attacking team, as they are in a situation near the π goal line, which could lead to a corner, a throw in or a turnover. Typically, teams with fast attacking players π will try challenging this space. If the opposing team has a slower defence, this may prompt them to keep a π rather low back line.
Ex. 2 - The long through ball
Long through ball : A deep and oftentimes aerial pass from π a team's own half or the start of the opposing side's half, intended to go over the heads of the π other team's defence. It is meant for the attacking players to chase and therefor they must remain in an onside π position until the ball is kicked. The tactic works well with strong and fast forwards who have a good ability π to control the ball and creating a scoring chance. (See Ex. 2) [16] [4] [13] : 42
: A deep and π oftentimes aerial pass from a team's own half or the start of the opposing side's half, intended to go over π the heads of the other team's defence. It is meant for the attacking players to chase and therefor they must π remain in an onside position until the ball is kicked. The tactic works well with strong and fast forwards who π have a good ability to control the ball and creating a scoring chance. (See Ex. 2) Passing at the back π : This tactic is commonly used at the own half (if opponent pressure is imminent and the side which is π in control of the ball seeks to calm down the play) so as to gain momentum for a new attempt π to attack or just to retain ball possession in the course of a favourable score in the game. With the π aim of keeping the ball in control, this tactic involves three, four or five defenders where the full backs normally π are positioned slightly higher than the centre halves. [17] [18] [13] : 20 This strategy is at times referred to π as time-wasting if the ball controlling side isn't actively looking to initiate an attack.
: This tactic is commonly used at π the own half (if opponent pressure is imminent and the side which is in control of the ball seeks to π calm down the play) so as to gain momentum for a new attempt to attack or just to retain ball π possession in the course of a favourable score in the game. With the aim of keeping the ball in control, π this tactic involves three, four or five defenders where the full backs normally are positioned slightly higher than the centre π halves. This strategy is at times referred to as if the ball controlling side isn't actively looking to initiate an π attack. Triangular play : A subtype of the give-and-go tactic; allows for a safe and quick movement of various areas π in play whilst maintaining control of the ball. In a triangular play the ball is passed between three players to π form a triangle. The triangle is then shifted to a different position when a new player is added. Many triangles π can be created with various combinations of players with the intent to incrementally move the ball forward without compromising possession. π This tactic is common when trying to gain control of midfield. However it may also be used for (final 3rd) π attacking purposes. [19]
: A subtype of the give-and-go tactic; allows for a safe and quick movement of various areas in π play whilst maintaining control of the ball. In a triangular play the ball is passed between three players to form π a triangle. The triangle is then shifted to a different position when a new player is added. Many triangles can π be created with various combinations of players with the intent to incrementally move the ball forward without compromising possession. This π tactic is common when trying to gain control of midfield. However it may also be used for (final 3rd) attacking π purposes. Swapping wings : Having two available and positionally flexible wide men at their disposal, a coach might let them π interchange positions in the course of a game. The intent is to disarrange opponents assigned to them, possibly leading to π opportunities as the opponents try to find their players to cover. Also, if the wingers have different playing styles (one π favouring crossing from deep positions whilst the other is prone to trying to dribble past their marker for example), it π is a way to take advantage of a weakness in the opponent's coverage. If the wingers have a different foot π preference (meaning one is left-footed and the other is right-footed), swapping sides may make for some interesting attacking movement. [20]
: π Having two available and positionally flexible wide men at their disposal, a coach might let them interchange positions in the π course of a game. The intent is to disarrange opponents assigned to them, possibly leading to opportunities as the opponents π try to find their players to cover. Also, if the wingers have different playing styles (one favouring crossing from deep π positions whilst the other is prone to trying to dribble past their marker for example), it is a way to π take advantage of a weakness in the opponent's coverage. If the wingers have a different foot preference (meaning one is π left-footed and the other is right-footed), swapping sides may make for some interesting attacking movement. In the space between the π opponent's defensive line and midfield line (the "hole") : A common strategy of attack is to pass (or move) the π ball into the spaces between the opponent's defenders and midfielders. If a pass is made, a midfielder in an advanced π position or an attacker in a deeper position will want to receive the ball right between the lines of the π opponent. A player can also try to move the ball into this area on their own, at which point they π may look for a passing option; alternatively attempting to create a good scoring chance on their own. [13] : 18
: π A common strategy of attack is to pass (or move) the ball into the spaces between the opponent's defenders and π midfielders. If a pass is made, a midfielder in an advanced position or an attacker in a deeper position will π want to receive the ball right between the lines of the opponent. A player can also try to move the π ball into this area on their own, at which point they may look for a passing option; alternatively attempting to π create a good scoring chance on their own. Strong side overloads : Attacking teams may pressure the defence on to π one side of the pitch by moving most of its attackers and midfielders to the ball side while letting a π wing player or defender come to the opposite side with little or no coverage. By compressing space in the areas π where the ball is, the defence has to respect the strong side threat by adding extra players into the mix. π The ball is then crossed or passed into an unmarked area on the far side of the pitch for a π free or near free shot, dribble or pass.
: Attacking teams may pressure the defence on to one side of the π pitch by moving most of its attackers and midfielders to the ball side while letting a wing player or defender π come to the opposite side with little or no coverage. By compressing space in the areas where the ball is, π the defence has to respect the strong side threat by adding extra players into the mix. The ball is then π crossed or passed into an unmarked area on the far side of the pitch for a free or near free π shot, dribble or pass. Target man : The implied use of a quality striker who has the ability to take π on the whole defence on their own - and will often occupy two defenders - making the defence vulnerable. Complemented π with two fast wingers, this tactic may give the 4-man defence potential problems. Teams may also benefit from a target π man at set pieces. Examples of strikers adept at playing this role are: Alan Shearer, Duncan Ferguson, Chris Sutton, Luca π Toni, Nikola Ε½igiΔ, Zlatan IbrahimoviΔ, Peter Crouch, Didier Drogba, Miroslav Klose, Troy Deeney and Aleksandar MitroviΔ. [13] : 43
: The π implied use of a quality striker who has the ability to take on the whole defence on their own - π and will often occupy two defenders - making the defence vulnerable. Complemented with two fast wingers, this tactic may give π the 4-man defence potential problems. Teams may also benefit from a target man at set pieces. Examples of strikers adept π at playing this role are: Alan Shearer, Duncan Ferguson, Chris Sutton, Luca Toni, Nikola Ε½igiΔ, Zlatan IbrahimoviΔ, Peter Crouch, Didier π Drogba, Miroslav Klose, Troy Deeney and Aleksandar MitroviΔ. Counter-attack : This strategy involves the use of a fast-paced attack, often π immediately following a defensive transition of the ball. It could also refer to attacking in situations where the defensive coverage π of the opponents have made a mistake by leaving (wide) spaces open to attack. This strategy requires fast players with π good split-vision and quick thinking, as the ball is to transfer large distances of the field in a matter of π seconds. Forwards will try to position themselves in open spaces either in or near the penalty box for a quick π finish upon receiving the ball. [11] [13] : 16, 31β32
: This strategy involves the use of a fast-paced attack, often π immediately following a defensive transition of the ball. It could also refer to attacking in situations where the defensive coverage π of the opponents have made a mistake by leaving (wide) spaces open to attack. This strategy requires fast players with π good split-vision and quick thinking, as the ball is to transfer large distances of the field in a matter of π seconds. Forwards will try to position themselves in open spaces either in or near the penalty box for a quick π finish upon receiving the ball. Cross into the box: A player (often a winger, wide midfielder or fullback) situated outside π the width of the penalty box (on one of the flanks) attempts a cross into the penalty box, for a π teammate (usually a striker, or a forward) to try to score on (with a header, a volley, or a one π touch shot). Crosses into the box can be of various height and length and target various areas of the penalty π box. For this to work, the player attempting the cross needs to be skilled at performing this type of pass, π as well as able to read the game of play, and the receiving target has to have a number of π competitive advantages (such as height, strength, speed or heading skills) in order to beat the defence for the attempt at π goal.[13] : 17
Lanes of play [ edit ]
In general there are three lanes of play - left, right and middle. π The left and right lanes are also referred to as "flanks", and attacking in these two channels doesn't differ very π much, except for the possible necessity for left-footed players on the left flank, for the purpose of crossing for example. π The middle lane is a bit different, as it is the central lane of play, and also where the goal π is. It necessitates attentive players who can cut through defensive lines with passes or play-moves that either vertically or diagonally π ask questions to the stability and integrity of defence.[13]: 26β28
When making runs across the pitch in offense, whether horizontal, diagonal π or vertical, these run lanes need to be a coordinated team effort, as one outfield player or even a part π of the team (such as the midfield) need to trust other outfield players to cover for them when making these π runs. In that way, the offensive game becomes a matter of balancing the optimism shown by forward runs with cautiousness π in having players covering for them. This accounts for runs both on and off the ball.[21]
Corridors [ edit ]
Sometimes teams π tactically divide the pitch horizontally into five corridors instead: Outside left, inside left, central, inside right and outside right. This π is among other things reflected in the positional names being used in formations with five midfielders, or five defenders.[22][23]
Set pieces π [ edit ]
Free kicks [ edit ]
Free kick trickery at work - 1970 - Brasil vs Czechoslovakia: Jairzinho and Tostao π of Brasil join the end of the defensive wall, then move off as Rivellino's powerful shot strikes through the gap. π David Beckham made his first international goal for England from a set-piece kick.[24]
Free kicks are a part of the play π all over the field following a foul or other infraction. Indirect free kicks must be touched by a second player π before any shot is taken. Direct free kicks can be made directly on goal. If the free kick is close π to goal (within 35-40 yards), the defensive side will often form a "wall" of anything from 2-6 players in order π to block the (expected) upcoming shot. In this case, the free kick taker may attempt several tricks to beat the π defenders. Attackers may attempt to blast the ball through the defensive wall, or curl it over or around the wall π using spin. A less common idea is to hit the ball powerfully and straight along the floor, since the defenders π in the wall usually jump to try to prevent a shot being lifted over their heads. However, this tactic has π become less effective in the modern game, as defending teams usually assign one player to lie down behind the wall π to block any low attempts.[4][25]
If the free kick is close-range but in a less-than-ideal angle to attempt to take a π shot on goal, a common method of creating a scoring chance is to cross the ball into the penalty area, π usually aiming for a spot in the angle towards the penalty spot, at which attacking players will try to beat π defending players to the ball in order for a header or volleyball shot to hit the target. This is common π to a corner kick.
David Beckham, Juninho, SiniΕ‘a MihajloviΔ, Ronaldinho, Zico, Andrea Pirlo, Pierre van Hooijdonk, Neymar, Roberto Carlos, Francesco Totti, π Lionel Messi, Γlvaro Recoba, Cristiano Ronaldo, Rivaldo, Juan RomΓ‘n Riquelme, Steven Gerrard, Wayne Rooney, Sejad SalihoviΔ, RogΓ©rio Ceni, Michel Platini, π Alessandro Del Piero, Thierry Henry, Roberto Baggio, Diego Maradona, Frank Lampard, Leighton Baines, Wesley Sneijder, Luis SuΓ‘rez, Christian Eriksen, Reto π Ziegler Miralem PjaniΔ, Trent Alexander-Arnold and Gareth Bale are known to score from free kick positions.
How throw-ins are best handled π depends on where it is:
In one's own half the aim of a throw-in may be to retain possession in order π to build up the next attack. The throw may or may not go toward the opponents' goal; the most unmarked π player may be a full-back who is behind the ball. Such a throw followed by a quickly taken 'switch' pass π can be an effective tactic. Under pressure however, the ball is often thrown up the line, toward the opponents' goal π line to gain as much ground as possible.
If the thrower is unmarked, a simple tactic is to take a short π throw to the feet or chest of a marked player who immediately returns the ball to the thrower.
In the last π third of the pitch a player with a long throw can put pressure onto the defenders by throwing the ball π deep into the opponents' penalty area, resulting in somewhat similar tactics to a corner kick or a free kick situation, π but with the added advantage of avoiding the offside trap that could be used by opponents in a free kick, π as an attacking player cannot be offside from a throw in (the same applies for corner kicks). Players well known π for their long throwing skills are Rory Delap, Giorgio Chiellini, John Arne Riise and Morten Gamst Pedersen.
Goal kicks [ edit π ]
A goal kick is an important 'set piece' that will occur many times in a game. If taken quickly the π kick may be taken short to a full-back who has run into a wide position. Although this may gain little π ground it retains the all-important possession of the ball. A longer kick to the midfield is more common and it π is vital that the midfield unit are in a position to receive it. Some goalkeepers may take advantage of no π offside rule while taking a Goal Kick to quickly pass the ball to a striker while the opposite team is π still repositioning. One of the best examples of this tactic is Ederson Moraes of Manchester City, who often takes advantage π of his strong and precise long kick to catch the opposition off guard.
Corners [ edit ]
A corner kick (or "corner") π is a real goal scoring opportunity and it is essential to know who is the best at taking a good π corner from both the left and right side of the pitch. A good corner will be aimed high across the π goal and may be 'bent' towards or away from the goal. At least one of the forwards should be on π or close to the goal line when the kick is taken.
Another tactic on a corner is to let the best π shooter stay in the back "trash" position and have the defence worried about those up front. The player taking the π corner kick makes a small pass back to the trash shooter who has time and space to take a good π shot.
Defensive tactics [ edit ]
All the outfield players on the field are assigned defensive roles of which depend to an π extent upon tactics. In principle, there are two ways of defending, zone defence and man-to-man defence. In a zone defence, π defensive players mainly move in synchronicity with teammates, whereas a man-to-man defence players mainly moves in relation to opposing players. π Whenever defensive players are given, or give themselves, a larger degree of freedom, hybrids of the two are seen.[26] Today π it is common for teams to use a combination of the two systems.
Defensive systems may pose as a strength or π a weakness, as talented attacking sides are adept at profiting from the lack of defensive structure shown by subpar defensive π sides.[27] Another consideration for defensive tactics is pressure width; to what extent teams will let players approach the sidelines when π pressing wide, as contrasted to staying central, where teams who favour a wide pressing approach will allow for more than π one player at or near the sidelines at a given point in time, whereas a more centered approach to defense π will usually settle for one or no players at or near the sidelines at a given point in time.
First, second π and third defenders [ edit ]
Defenders must stop shots from the most dangerous area β the central zone in front π of the goal
The first defender is the first respondent, regardless of what the opponent in possession does, seeking to obstruct π all sorts of dangerous play. The first defender should usually be the player closest to the opponent holding possession, but π needs to be at the defending side in order to not get caught "flat footed" on the wrong side, for π example. This role commonly involves the angling of the body in an attempt to guide the opponent in a given π direction of play presumably preferable to the defensive side. The first defender may also indicate to the rest of the π team whether to stay high or back off from pressure.[28]: 1586 [a]
The first defender will normally keep a distance to π the opponent of a few yards, although the exact distance varies for each defending situation. The idea is to pressure π the opposing player as tightly as possible without handing them the possibility of a (successful) dribble or feint. In certain π cases, the first defender attempts a tackle. This increases the probability of being dribbled and passed, so it has to π be managed wisely.[29]
The direction in which to move towards the opponent with possession of the ball may be the shortest π direction. However, it may be of value to curve the defensive run, in order to channel (also called "show") the π opponent in a certain direction. Different teams will allow ("show") opponents either the inside (central lane) of the pitch, or π the outside (outer lanes) of the pitch, depending on the situation as well as the tactics of that particular defensive π side. For example, a common tactic for a first defender is to "show" the opposing player an area where they π already know that a second or third defender is located, thus making it a safe choice to lead the opponents π into.[28]: 1587
The second defender provides the immediate support for the first defender. If the first defender loses his or her π marking, the second defender takes over as first defender, and ideally one of the third defenders takes over as second π defender. A defensive side should be organised so as to make this transition as smooth as possible. A typical distance π between the second and first defender is about six metres, though this will vary from situation to situation. The most π important factor is the opponent's speed. If the opposing player is moving fast, the distance should be longer. If he π is standing still, the second and first defender may sometimes join forces and operate as two first defenders. A second π defender also adjusts their positioning relative to where teammates of the defensive side are positioned in coverage in order to π uphold defensive structure (see for example offside trap).
The role of the third defender is to provide a deeper cover. He π or she is often in a stand-off position relative to the first and second defenders and therefor has a view π of the "big picture" in defense, watching for any opponents moving up, and covering gaps if the first and second π defenders are outmanoeuvred by the opponent. In addition, the third defender is usually tasked with informing teammates (including but not π limited to first and second defenders) about potential upcoming threats. While the role of first and second defenders are relatively π similar regardless of defending strategies and systems, the third defenders' role is very different in zone defence and man-to-man defence.
Depth π considerations [ edit ]
While line depth varies considerably depending on team strategy as well as game situation, a good "rule π of thumb" for distances between defensive and midfield lines is about 16 metres (or 17-18 yards). Defensively minded teams will π use a shorter line depth when compared to offensively minded teams, for example. Line depth will also depend on other π factors such as line width, as well as strong- side tilt (whether the team stays central or tries to push π out wide, when the ball is near the sidelines). Line depth is also likely to be less when the ball π is near the defending team's penalty box, compared to further up the pitch.[27]
When organised, the defending team may offer little π resistance until the attacking team has reached a certain height on the pitch. The pressure height, or at which field π depth the midfielders start acting as first and second defenders, depends on a lot of factors, such as game tactics π and situation.[30]: 10β11 Higher pressure teams need to make sure to win the ball back fast enough a number of π times in pressure, in order for the tactic to be lucrative (as opposed to tiring).[31][28]: 1589 In general, defensive-minded teams π will stay lower, minimising defensive risks by compressing attacking space.[32] The pressure height may be identified by at which stage π of the opposite side attacking play that the first pressure line of support kicks in.[13]: 25
The zone defence [ edit π ]
In zone defence, second and third defenders and midfielders are organised in two lines, in the transversal direction of the π field, constituting a defender line and a midfielder line, the midfield line working as a "second shield" of the defence. π The lines should be fairly possible, though the first defender and in some cases the second defender may rush out π to pressure the opponent with the ball. A straight line of defenders may prevent spaces behind some of them because π of the offside rule. Also, some opponents, for example those moving into dangerous space, may temporarily need to be man-marked. π The number of players in the defender and midfielder lines is given by the football formations in play. Some formations π use midfield anchors to stop attacks between the two lines.
The man-to-man defence [ edit ]
In man-to-man defence, a single defender π follows their opponent wherever they go. Extremely tight marking can be achieved in this way and star players can often π be neutralised in a game by use of a dedicated "shadow". Since the man-to-man defence will take defenders in any π part of the field, interceptions and broken plays will often offer opportunity for quick counter-attack. The Italian teams of the π 1970s and 1980s often used this approach with impressive results.
The shortcomings of the man-to-man defence is a lack of depth π when new attackers move up or down the field. The man-to-man defence also may allow for defenders to be drawn π out of position, opening gaps for other attackers in vulnerable areas. This was Italy's flaw in the 1970 Final, according π to some analysts.[33] To overcome this problem with depth, the man to man defence may use a 'sweeper', who is π a central defender and has a free role (no assigned player to mark). The sweeper sometimes may take up a π position slightly behind the defensive line, as the role often involves 'sweeping up' any attacks that break through the defence π and thus add valuable depth to the defensive unit. Zone defence does not require a sweeper role, and as many π teams have changed their tactics on this, sweepers today are rare.
Other considerations [ edit ]
Additional defensive considerations that may be π of relevance are:
Width of defence β what proportion of the pitch width is covered by the defence in a particular π situation,
β what proportion of the pitch width is covered by the defence in a particular situation, Height of defence β π a low block indicates an emphasis on defending the own half, a medium block indicates an emphasis on defending the π first two-thirds of the pitch, and a high block indicates emphasis on defending all or most of the pitch,
β a π indicates an emphasis on defending the own half, a indicates an emphasis on defending the first two-thirds of the pitch, π and a indicates emphasis on defending all or most of the pitch, Offside-trap β whether a team tries to follow π oncoming attacking players or attempt to "trap" the players posing a threat in an offside position,
β whether a team tries π to follow oncoming attacking players or attempt to the players posing a threat in an offside position, Strong-side tilt β π to what extent a team moves over towards the horizontal half of the pitch where the ball is located (the π alternative is to stay central),
β to what extent a team moves over towards the horizontal half of the pitch where π the ball is located (the alternative is to stay central), Activity level β to what extent a team wants to π get close to the ball (the alternative is to stay in position and cover passing lanes), [32]
β to what extent π a team wants to get close to the ball (the alternative is to stay in position and cover passing lanes), π Defensive line height β how much space the back line allows in behind it.
Defending at set pieces [ edit ]
Free-kicks π from short range [ edit ]
At free-kicks from short range, particularly when defending a direct free-kick, a wall of defensive π players is lined up. The number of players who form the wall depends on the angle and distance from the π goal, the opponent's assumed shooting skills, and the need to mark opponents to whom the ball might be passed. The π wall is usually set up at the direction of the defending goalkeeper to block a direct shot at the near π post. The goalkeeper is normally positioned nearer the far post. In order to increase the difficulty for the free-kick taker π to kick the ball over the wall and into the goal it is common for the players in the wall π to jump vertically when the kick is taken. Defending indirect free-kicks provides different difficulties for the defending team. The wall π must be prepared to charge down the ball once it has been touched by the free-kick taker, and other defenders π must be alert to the attacking team's practised set-plays. Getting the ball over the wall and then to dip into π the bottom corner is a superb skill.
Corner kicks and other crosses [ edit ]
At corner kicks, and at direct free π kick, indirect free kick or throw-ins that are likely to distribute a cross, most teams use man-on-man marking, even those π which otherwise play zone defence. Each player is given an opponent to mark, in advanced football they usually have been π assigned an opponent before the match. Substituting at the time of a defensive set piece is regarded as unwise, as π play may be started before the substitute has come into marking position.
A few teams use the tactic of gathering defenders π on one line on corner kicks and similar situations, in effect giving them the responsibility for zones instead of particular π opponents.
Penalty kicks [ edit ]
In the case of a penalty kick, no defending players except the goalkeeper are allowed within π the penalty area or within ten yards of the penalty spot and 18 yards of the goal line. A significant π number of players should, however, be placed right outside the penalty area, alert to advance into the area and clear π any deflection. For this purpose, sometimes the attacking team will nominate two players to run at the goal from either π side of the penalty spot; timing their run so that they only enter the penalty area once the kick has π been taken will hopefully give them the first opportunity at gathering the ball if it is saved by the goalkeeper. π This tactic is rarely seen, however, since the likelihood of the ball being saved and then falling into the path π of the attacking player is small. A particular tactic that can be used by the goalkeeper involves trying to distract π the penalty taker by drawing his concentration away from striking the ball cleanly. Such tactics normally involve moving one's body, π or body parts, in an extravagant manner, or through verbal comments. Famous examples of where this worked successfully include Bruce π Grobbelaar in the 1984 European Cup final, and Jerzy Dudek in the 2005 Champions League Final.
"Forward" versus "collapsing" defences [ π edit ]
Teams may use forward defending, aggressively challenging the ball when on the defensive in any part of the field. π Others rely on a "collapsing" style, that falls back deep into its own half when the opponent is in possession π of the ball. The "forward" policy can put immense physical and psychological pressure on opponents, and is aimed at slowing π down or breaking up attacks early. It has more physical demands however, and may spread a defensive formation more thinly.[31] π In general, defensive-minded teams will stay lower, minimising defensive risks by compressing attacking space. The "collapsing" approach is more economical π in terms of less physical demand, and provides a packed back zone to thwart attacks.[34] However it sometimes creates large π gaps in midfield, and invites the opposing team to dribble forward and to take shots from long range; if the π opposing team is good at the two aforementioned skills then goals will be conceded freely.[35][36] More progressive styles of defending π in general invites counter attacking by the opponent.[37]
The most prominent form of "forward" defending, Gegenpressing (German: [ΛΙ‘eΛΙ‘nΜ©ΛpΚΙsΙͺΕ], "counter-pressing"), invented by π Ralf Rangnick and exemplified by teams managed by German managers such as JΓΌrgen Klopp and Thomas Tuchel, requires attackers to π press the opposition immediately following loss of possession.[38][39][40][41][31]
Defending with the ball [ edit ]
A clearance is when the player in π possession of the ball is put under pressure, often near the own goal, and so chooses to shoot the ball π away simply in order to get the ball out of a dangerous area of play. When opponent pressure is high, π the ball is at times cleared to a corner kick or to a throw-in. Clearing long, but into opponent control, π may give the defence time and the opportunity to organise, including setting up the correct formation and pressure height. If π confident in their ability to do so, a player might also try to clear the ball up to a higher-situated π teammate, in order not to give away possession of the ball to the other side.
If the attack was high up π the field, such as in or near the penalty area, defenders will thus quickly push out, and attackers will then π be forced to retreat in order to avoid offside in the next move. Clearing may be combined with an attempt π to hit a long pass or a long through ball. Players high up in the field who are pressed hard, π and who are eager to avoid a counter-attack, may in some instances combine clearing with a shot. A team composed π of good passers and mobile players with good positioning skills may more often try to avoid clearing, as their skills π make it easier to make shorter passes and thus retain possession until they get out of a difficult situation.
Retaining possession π in this way may also be regarded as a longer-term way of defending, as the opposing team cannot attack when π they don't have the ball. With the ball, the team applying this tactic can simply pass the ball between each π other - as in the possession football style, but with little or no intention of building up an attack, thus π decreasing the risk of a break.
The main benefit of this tactic is that the team is in complete control over π its opponents. Meanwhile, by knocking the ball around, opponents playing the pressing game can easily tire. And should an opportunity π suddenly arise, defence may be quickly switched to attack. A major downfall is that because the accuracy of passes needs π to be high, short passes between the players are required. This significantly narrows the gap between the attack, midfield and π defence (usually, the latter is forced to push up). So if the opponent gains possession, a long ball could effectively π open up the defence. Similarly, if it is the attack and midfield that need to drop back, the team will π have little chances of counter-attacking even if possession is won back.
Notable examples [ edit ]
Football coaches and technical manuals such π as Soccer Skills and tactics,[42] and The Soccer Coaching Bible,[43] often use visual symbols and diagrams to demonstrate the principles π described above, and to link principles to historical games. The following examples combine technical coaching observations with championship play descriptions π at the World Cup level as in Brian Glanville's World Cup, (1994).[44] The written descriptions are diagrammed for the reader π to better understand various football tactics and skills as they are applied in the real world, at the highest levels.
Combined π team play using width and depth: Brazil vs Italy, 1970 final [ edit ]
Brazil goal v Italy in 1970
Beating a π defence using width and depth. Astute use of the principles of width and depth led to the last goal of π the 1970 FIFA World Cup final, considered by many to be the best combined team effort in Cup history. Almost π all the players of Brazil touched the ball in this effort that penetrated one of the tightest defences ever seen, π the famous Italian catenaccio "padlock" defence. The Italians used four defenders, plus a sweeper, Pierluigi Cera, behind the "back four." π They relied on a counter-attacking game, deploying three midfielders and two strikers, and closely marked opponents man to man.
This tight π system however involved a "collapsing" approach that while packing the Italian penalty area and denying the Brazilian forwards much space, π left relatively large gaps in midfield. See "Standing Off" defensive discussion above. Brazil's superb skills exploited this weakness, showing especially π that any defence (whether man to man, zone or other variants) can be beaten using the principles of both width π and depth. The weakness of the man to man system was also exposed. Italian left back Giacinto Facchetti dedicated himself π to winger Jairzinho, shadowing him tightly wherever he went. Jairzinho cunningly moved off the right flank, opening gaps for others π to follow as can be seen below. See "Switching the attack" and "Swapping wing men" above for discussion of this π aspect of offensive tactics.
Italian defence pulled left in quick sequence. Brazilian midfielder Clodoaldo began the move with a weaving dribble π out to the left flank, that beat three men and essentially pulled the Italian defence in that direction. A fatal π gap was thus eventually opened up for the run of fullback Carlos Alberto Torres on the right. Clodoaldo eased the π ball to the Rivellino moving up on the left. Rivellino quickly played the ball forward to Jairzinho, who crossed the π field to appear on the left flank.
Movement in centre "freezes" Italian defence. Almost without pause the powerful Jairzinho began a π weaving run. Facchetti played Jairzinho well, backing off the ball, and squeezing him inside where it was more crowded. Good π defenders will "channel" (see discussion above) an attacker into areas with less space. So far, all seemed safe for Italy. π Facchetti covered well, as did the other Italian defenders. There were two extra men as insurance in the back as π Jairzinho began his run. Depth is also a principle of defence, and the sweeper system (or other arrangements) provides such.
As π Jairzinho accelerated, the ever dangerous striker TostΓ£o began a sprint up the middle, drawing his defender with him, diverting the π Italian defence and making more room for Jairzinho. Younger players should note the movement off the ball by Brazil. Increasingly π squeezed inside, Jairzinho's run nevertheless drew the defence to him and he eased the ball to PelΓ© in the centre. π Always dangerous, PelΓ© paused and shaped to make a dribble.
Overlapping defender exploits principle of depth to cap the move. For π the Italian defence, there was still no cause for undue alarm. PelΓ© seemed well covered, and there was still the π sweeper at the back as insurance behind the defence. Nevertheless, PelΓ©'s feint, combined with the previous moves, kept Italian focus π frozen in the middle, attracting the attention of three men, and he casually slipped the ball right- to Carlos Alberto π who was thundering up from the rear, totally unmarked.
PelΓ© played the ball well ahead of Alberto, using space intelligently, so π that the fast fullback ran on and shot without pausing, in full stride, smashing the ball into the Italian net. π So effective was Brazil's use of width, that no Italian defender is even within reasonable striking distance of Alberto until π the last moment. The principle of width stretched and drew the Italian defence. The principle of depthβfresh men moving up π from the rearβallowed Brazil to exploit the gaps created by width.
Penetration and envelopment in attack: Banks versus PelΓ©, Mexico 1970 π [ edit ]
As the last line of defence, goalkeepers must be able to make quick, athletic saves. Here, the skill π of England's Gordon Banks robs Brazil's PelΓ© of a good scoring opportunity in their legendary confrontation. Mexico, 1970
Penetration in attack- π the forward or through pass: To a footballer, the penetration pass is one of the first methods learned in attack, π whether it be the simple "kick and chase" of the youth leagues, or the exquisite through-balls by today's world class π stars. Penetration by pass is the quickest method of advancing the ball towards the enemy goal. When well executed, it π can yield spectacular results. Penetration in attack however requires more than mere passing. Players without the ball must move into π space, and must time their runs so as not to be caught offside.
Envelopment in attack: the central cross. Attacking an π opposing side from the flanks using crosses from the wings is among the oldest and most effective football tactics. An π attack from the flanks uses width to stretch an opposing defence creating gaps in the goal area to be exploited. π While the direction of the lateral cross is not as straightforward as the through-ball, both types of passes serve to π split an enemy defence, in view of striking at the vital central area of the goal. This example, the legendary π confrontation between keeper Gordon Banks of England and PelΓ© of Brazil at 1970 FIFA World Cup Group 3 match, captures π the two types of attack in one snapshot. It also serves to illustrate the difficulties in defending against both types π of passes.
Two pass types - one great defensive save. The powerful running of Brazil's right winger Jairzinho set the stage, π with initial direction by captain Carlos Alberto. Sprinting down the flank, Jairzinho pounced on an excellent through pass from Alberto, π accelerated past Cooper the English back, and lofted a high arcing cross to PelΓ© in the centre. PelΓ© headed down π powerfully and was already raising his arms in triumph when Banks leaped to his right "like a salmon over a π fall" PelΓ© said later, and somehow flailed the bouncing ball over the crossbar, saving a sure goal. The Brazilian forward π said it was the greatest save he had ever seen. Offensively, this play demonstrates how both types of passes can π divide and stretch a defence. Jairzinho's running and cross was set up by an excellent forward pass, and his centre π to PelΓ© capped a move that should have resulted in a goal, were it not for the extraordinary skill of π English keeper, Gordon Banks. Offside traps are one way to defend against both pass types, but the ultimate solution is π defensive depth and sound goalkeeping.
Two-man combination [ edit ]
Example of a wall pass, Netherlands v Brazil
Using the two-man combination. The π two-man combination pass, variously called the wall pass, the "one-two", the "give and go" and other local names, is among π the simplest yet most powerful team techniques in football. It requires a fair level of individual skill to pull off, π yet this should not stop coaches from introducing it early in the higher youth leagues, nor should players from these π leagues neglect it in favour of the all too easy "kick and chase". There are two ways to execute it: π pass and run to space for the return pass without pausing or pass then pause briefly to gauge opposing reaction π before running into an open spot for the return. In tight conditions, the first method is better, while the second π can be used where there is a bit more space to operate.
Power of the two-man combination: Netherlands vs Brazil, 1974. π Simple as it is, the two-man move can penetrate the teeth of the densest, most negative opposition. Peru brought it π to a high art on the World Cup stage in 1970, under their coach Didi, Brazil's former midfield general of π 1958 and 1962. Time after time Peruvian forwards like Cubillas, Gallardo, and Sotil put a central combination on the floor π that sliced through the opposition and created countless dangerous situations. The Dutch team of 1974 were also disciples of the π two-man combination. The diagram here shows the first Dutch goal in the 1974 game that crushed Brazil's repeat championship hopes π - product of an exchange between Johan Neeskens and Johan Cruyff. A two-man move also set up the second goal π for Cruyff in the game. Contrast with the "hand" of Diego Maradona below.
Potential of the two-man combination: Maradona's "hand of π god" goal β 1986. The example shown below, the first goal of Diego Maradona against England in 1986, is used π to illustrate the potential of the move. Argentina utilised it frequently, being ideally suited to their crisp, quick, short passing π style. As he had often done during the game, Maradona initiated the sequence with a quick dribbling run into the π packed central area. Surrounded, he began a two-man combo pass - slipping the ball to Jorge Valdano on the right, π and then moving up for the reply. Valdano pivoted and attempted to return, but conditions were too tight. Hodge, the π English midfielder, intercepted and rather dangerously, attempted to tap the ball back to his keeper, Shilton. Maradona and Shilton raced π towards the floating ball, which connected with Maradona's hand (the so-called "hand of god" goal), past Shilton, into the goal. π While much controversy still surrounds the goal, Maradona's run illustrates how even the tightest conditions can be pried open with π the two-man exchange. It also illustrates how the simple two-man combination can create countless dangerous situations and force opponents into π making errors.
Three-man move [ edit ]
Defenders need to cooperate closely to cope with fast moving attackers. Here, one of the π tightest defences in World Cup history, Uruguay 1970, is broken by a rapid three-man combination move: Jairzinho - PelΓ© - π TostΓ£o. The final defender, Matosas of Uruguay has no support as Jairzinho makes his final sprint
Effectiveness of three-man strike teams. π The three-man move is another very effective weapon in the attacking arsenal. It is distinguished from simple passing between players π in that the initiator of the move finishes it with a shot on goal or a well-placed pass leading to π a shot. It is thus a collaboration of three distinct players. Famous three-man strike teams are legendary in football, from π the earliest days, through the famous Hungarian sides of the 1950s, to the "clockwork orange" of the Dutch masters in π the 1970s, through the German, Italian, French, Argentinian, Brazilian, and other teams of the contemporary era. The three-man package can π be more effective than the two-man combo because it gives more attacking options and causes more confusion in the defence. π The initial pass cannot be quickly cut off as in the two-man manoeuvre which really has only one option. Typically π the second pass in the three-man move lures and diverts defenders on to false ground. This gives the initiator of π the sequence time to run into an advantageous position. Triple player collaborations of course do not operate in isolation β π they have other supporting players β but the tight three-man exchange still remains a fundamental pillar of successful attacking play.
Brazil π vs Uruguay 1970 β strike package: Jairzinho β PelΓ© β TostΓ£o. The example below, is drawn from one of the π most famous strike teams in World Cup history- PelΓ©, TostΓ£o and Jairzinho. This goal, against Uruguay in the 1970 semi-final, π captures the power of the move. The fast winger Jairzinho set the stage- dribbling down the right flank before finding π PelΓ© ahead. Tightly marked, and with his back to the goal, PelΓ© immediately played a subtle pass to TostΓ£o. The π Brazilian centre-forward drew the defence to him with a short dribble before finding Jairzinho again on the wing. This exchange π of passes gave Jairzinho a lead on other defenders and he made the most of it β accelerating down the π wing, selling a dummy (letting the ball run after pretending to stop and play it) on Uruguayan defender Matosas, and π muscling him aside as he approached the enemy goal. Uruguayan keeper Mazurkiewicz came off his line but it was simply π too late, as Jairzinho slotted the ball into the net. Of note in this sequence is the attacking space created π by the tight exchanges between Jairzinho, PelΓ©, and TostΓ£o. Even the Uruguayans, playing one of the most densely packed, solid π defences seen in a World Cup could not stop it. Jairzinho is surrounded by opposing defenders when the sequence starts, π but at the end, he only has one to deal with. Also of note is the unselfish passing of Brazilian π striker TostΓ£o, with his skill creating countless openings for his teammates throughout the 1970 tournament.[33]
Quick long-ball counter-attack [ edit ]
Mullery's π first goal for England, Mexico 1970
Counter attacking Football involves a team withdrawing players into their own half but ensuring that π one or two players are committed to the attack. One such example is the quick counter-strike mounted by England against π Germany in the 1970 World Cup. Defensive midfielder Alan Mullery began the move, lofting a long through pass over the π heads of three German defenders, to Newton on the right flank. Not pausing to admire his handiwork, Mullery kept moving π up. Newton, a defensive player was placed in an excellent attacking position with few opponents to check his progress. Newton π advanced on a short dribble, before producing a low, outstanding diagonal cross that found Mullery, who had sprinted into the π goalmouth. Mullery finished what he had started, by driving the ball home past the German goalkeeper Sepp Maier. Tactically, this π goal combines the power of the long pass with that of the two-man combination, and indeed, before his pass to π Newton, Mullery had exchanged passes with Francis Lee before setting off on his final combination run. This move was pulled π off by two normally defensively oriented players, showing that the long-ball counter-strike can be successful from a deep position on π the field with any combination of skilled players.
Free-kicks and set-pieces [ edit ]
Indirect free-kicks can throw a defence into confusion π when taken quickly, or in unexpected directions. The third goal of Brazil's 1970 World Cup victory over Italy illustrates the π method. Brazil's midfield general Gerson Nunes approached rapidly and lofted the dead ball in a high arc almost from the π midfield line. It found PelΓ© perfectly positioned near the Italian goal. The Brazilian headed down softly and accurately, straight into π the path of the onrushing winger Jairzinho, who virtually walked the ball into the net. Italy's catenaccio defence was caught π out of position here, not only failing to neutralise PelΓ©, but providing little cover to stop Jairzinho. A rapid, daring π set-piece kick will often accomplish this unbalancing of defences.
Direct free-kicks are a key part of attacking in football, and can π lead to many goals. Numerous feints and ruses are tried to fool the opposition, including having attackers join the "wall." π A successful free kick from the 1970 World Cup- Brazil vs Czechoslovakia, illustrates how the technique works. Brazilian forwards Jairzinho π and Tostao cunningly joined the end of the defensive wall as the Czechs set it up. As PelΓ© backed off π and feinted as if to take the kick, both Jair and TostΓ£o began to move off, creating space. Rivellino ghosted π in from the side to shoot powerfully into the gap for a goal.
Moving into space β the diagonal run [ π edit ]
Moving into space: the diagonal run
Moving into free space is one of the most critical skills that football players π must develop. Attacking players must move off the ball into space to give an advance the maximum chance of success. π Passes to space are feasible when there is intelligent movement of players to receive the ball and do something constructive π with it. Skilled players are able to find seams between defenders, positioning themselves to receive a pass.
This diagram shows a π productive use of space by West Germany in the 1974 FIFA World Cup Final which led to Gerd MΓΌller's game-winning π goal against the Netherlands. German midfielder Rainer Bonhof made a long diagonal run out to the right side of the π field, putting put him clear of the Dutch opposition. Deep into the Dutch half, Bonhof received a ball from JΓΌrgen π Grabowski and beat Arie Haan. Bonhof sent a low cross in to MΓΌller, who found the back of the net. π Moving diagonally is one of the best offensive movements, whether at the near or far posts, or out to the π wings farther back in midfield. Diagonal movement creates added space to maneuver, compared to simply running straight ahead or laterally. π It also means that players must be willing to switch positions as the situation demands.
Studies [ edit ]
Although the scientific π research field of association football is still in its early days, some interesting studies are emerging. It has for example π been shown, that in possession play, successful teams have both longer and more frequent possessions in the offensive areas of π the pitch, as well as finding it easier to move the ball into the offensive areas of the pitch, after π initiating possession, when compared to unsuccessful teams.[45] As a defensive strategy, research has suggested that being able to consistently pose π players immediately behind the ball, as well as in other areas of proximity to the ball indicates a positive correlation π with defensive goal prevention both when in and out of possession.[46][41]
Statistical methods for modeling player analysis have proven useful in π performance assessment.[47] Similar methods find their use in predictions and evaluations of matches.
Skills [ edit ]
Kicking [ edit ]
Kicking is π a skill in which a player strikes the ball with their foot.
Basic [ edit ]
Push kick, instep kick, outside kick, π toe kicks.[48]
Advanced [ edit ]
Volley, Bicycle kick, Spin kick, Rabona, Scorpion kick.
Dribbling [ edit ]
Dribbling is running with the ball π at the feet and playing it on every step or every other step. It means controlling and keeping possession of π the ball while running, and is often used to refer to act of attempting to get past an opposition player.
Advanced π [ edit ]
Cruyff turn, Marseille turn, Seal dribble, Flip flap, Step over,.
Heading [ edit ]
Heading is the striking of a π ball in the air by a player's head.
Advanced
Diving header
Passing [ edit ]
Passing is the kicking the ball to a teammate.
Basic π [ edit ]
Push pass, long pass, backward pass, through pass, wall pass.
Advanced [ edit ]
Backhill pass
Shooting [ edit ]
Shooting is π an attempt to score a goal.
Tackling [ edit ]
Tackling is an attempt by a player to take the ball away π from a ball carrier by placing the player's leg in front of the ball.
Tricks [ edit ]
Dummy [ edit ]
Nutmeg π [ edit ]
Rainbow kick [ edit ]
See also [ edit ]
Notes [ edit ]
^ As defensive sides have to make π split-second decisions on whether to press the opponent on the ball or lay off, a system needs to be incurred π for this. The primary responsibility for indicating whether a press is to be invoked or not most commonly falls on π the first defender.
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