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Association football league in France
Not to be confused with EFL League One
Football league
Ligue 1,[A] officially known as Ligue 1 Uber🧬 Eats for sponsorship reasons,[1][2] is a French professional league for men's association football clubs. Being the top of the French🧬 football league system, it is the country's primary football competition. Administered by the Ligue de Football Professionnel, Ligue 1 is🧬 contested by 18 clubs (as of the 2024–24 season) and operates on a system of promotion and relegation from and🧬 to Ligue 2.
Seasons run from August to May. Clubs play two matches against each of the other teams in the🧬 league – one home and one away – totalling to 34 matches over the course of the season. Most games🧬 are played on Saturdays and Sundays, with a few games played during weekday evenings. Play is regularly suspended the last🧬 weekend before Christmas for two weeks before returning in the second week of January. As of 2024, Ligue 1 is🧬 one of the top national leagues, ranked fifth in Europe, behind England's Premier League, Spain's La Liga, Italy's Serie A🧬 and Germany's Bundesliga.[3]
Ligue 1 was inaugurated on 11 September 1932 under the name National before switching to Division 1 after🧬 a year of existence. It continued to operate under that name until 2002, when it adopted its current name. Paris🧬 Saint-Germain are the most successful clubs with eleven league titles, while Lyon is the club that has won the most🧬 consecutive titles (seven between 2002 and 2008). Saint-Étienne was the first club with ten titles. With the presence of 71🧬 seasons in Ligue 1, Marseille holds the record for most seasons among the elite, while Paris Saint-Germain hold the league🧬 record for longevity with 47 consecutive seasons (from 1974 to present). Nantes is the team with the longest consecutive unbeaten🧬 streak (32 matches) and the fewest number of defeats (one match) in a single season, doing so in the 1994–95🧬 campaign. In addition, Nantes also holds the record for the longest time without losing at home, with a run of🧬 92 matches from May 1976 to April 1981.
The current champions are Paris Saint-Germain, who won a record eleventh title in🧬 the 2024–23 season. The league has been won on multiple occasions by foreign-based club AS Monaco, the presence of which🧬 within the league makes it a cross-border competition.[4]
Ahead of the 2024–24 season, the number of teams in the league will🧬 be reduced to 18; four teams in the 2024–23 Ligue 1 will be relegated to Ligue 2 and only two🧬 teams in Ligue 2 will be promoted to Ligue 1.[5]
History [ edit ]
Foundation [ edit ]
Professionalism in French football did🧬 not exist until July 1930, when the National Council of the French Football Federation voted 128–20 in favour of its🧬 adoption. The founders of professionalism in French football are Georges Bayrou, Emmanuel Gambardella, and Gabriel Hanot. Professionalism was officially implemented🧬 in 1932.
In order to successfully create a professional football league in the country, the Federation limited the league to twenty🧬 clubs. In order to participate in the competition, clubs were subjected to three important criteria:
The incoming club must have had🧬 positive results in the past.
The incoming club must be able to pull in enough revenue to balance its finances.
The incoming🧬 club must be able to successfully recruit at least eight professional players.
Many clubs disagreed with the subjective criteria, most notably🧬 Strasbourg, RC Roubaix, Amiens and Stade Français, while others like Rennes, due to fear of bankruptcy, and Olympique Lillois, due🧬 to a conflict of interest, were reluctant to become professional. Olympique Lillois' president, Henri Jooris, also chairman of the Ligue🧬 du Nord, feared his league would fold and proposed it become the second division of the new league. Eventually, many🧬 clubs earned professional status, though it became more difficult to convince clubs in the northern half of the country; Strasbourg,🧬 RC Roubaix, and Amiens refused to accept the new league, while conversely Mulhouse, Excelsior AC Roubaix, Metz, and Fives accepted🧬 professionalism. In southern France, clubs such as Olympique de Marseille, Hyères, SO Montpellier, SC Nîmes, Cannes, Antibes, and Nice were🧬 extremely supportive of the new league and accepted their professional status without argument.
Establishment [ edit ]
The league's inaugural season of🧬 the all-professional league, called National, was held in 1932–1933. The 20 inaugural members of National were Antibes, CA Paris, Cannes,🧬 Club Français, Excelsior AC Roubaix, Fives, Hyères, Marseille, Metz, Mulhouse, Nice, Nîmes, Olympique Alès, Olympique Lillois, Racing Club de France,🧬 Red Star Olympique, Rennes, Sochaux, Sète, and Montpellier. The 20 clubs were inserted into two groups of 10 with the🧬 bottom three of each group suffering relegation to Division 2. The two winners of each group would then face each🧬 other in a final held at a neutral venue, which later turned out to the Stade Olympique Yves-du-Manoir. The first🧬 final was held on 14 May 1933 and it matched the winner of Group A, Olympique Lillois, against the runner-up🧬 of Group B, Cannes. Antibes, the winner of Group B, was supposed to take part in the final but was🧬 suspected of bribery by the French Football Federation and was disqualified. In the first final, Lillois were crowned the inaugural🧬 champions following the club's 4–3 victory. After the season, the league decided to retain the 14 clubs and not promote🧬 any sides from the second division. The league also agreed to change its name from National to simply Division 1.🧬 For the 1934–35 season, the league organised a legitimate promotion and relegation system bringing the total tally of clubs in🧬 the first division to 16. The number remained until the 1938–39 season.
Because of World War II, football was suspended by🧬 the French government and the Ligue de Football Professionnel, although its member clubs continued playing in regional competitions. During the🧬 "war championships", as they are called, professionalism was abolished by the Vichy regime and clubs were forced to participate in🧬 regional leagues, designated as Zone Sud and Zone Nord. Due to its non-association with the two leagues, the LFP and🧬 FFF do not recognise the championships won by the clubs and thus 1939–1945 is non-existent in the two organisations' view.🧬 Following the conclusion of the war and the liberation of France, professional football returned to France. The first division increased🧬 its allotment of clubs to 18. This number remained until the 1965–66 season when the number was increased to 20.🧬 In 2002, the league changed its name from Division 1 to Ligue 1.
Format [ edit ]
20 clubs: 1932–1933
14 clubs: 1933–1934
16🧬 clubs: 1934–1939
18 clubs: 1945–1946
20 clubs: 1946–1947
18 clubs: 1947–1958
20 clubs: 1958–1963
18 clubs: 1963–1965
20 clubs: 1965–1968
18 clubs: 1968–1970
20 clubs: 1970–1997
18 clubs: 1997–2002
20🧬 clubs: 2002–2024
18 clubs: 2024–
Competition format [ edit ]
There are 18 clubs in Ligue 1. During the course of a season,🧬 usually from August to May, each club plays the others twice, once at their home stadium and once at that🧬 of their opponents, for a total of 34 games, though special circumstances may allow a club to host matches at🧬 other venues such as when Lille hosted Lyon at the Stade de France in 2007 and 2008. Teams receive three🧬 points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked🧬 by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. At the end of each season, the club with the🧬 most points is crowned champion. If points are equal, the goal difference and then goals scored determine the winner. If🧬 still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation,🧬 or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. For the 2024–16 season only,🧬 2 teams were to be relegated and only 2 teams from Ligue 2 were to be promoted,[6] but this decision🧬 was overturned and three teams were relegated and three teams promoted.[7] Thus, it was the 2024–17 season which saw the🧬 return of a relegation play-off between the 18th-placed Ligue 1 team and the 3rd-placed team in the Ligue 2 on🧬 a two-legged confrontation, with the Ligue 2 team hosting the first game.[8]
Previously, the league utilised a different promotion and relegation🧬 format. Prior to 1995, the league's format was direct relegation of the bottom two teams and a play-off between the🧬 third-last first-division team and the winner of the second-division play-offs, similar to the Dutch Eredivisie, and the German Bundesliga. The🧬 league has also experimented with a "bonus" rule. From 1973 to 1976, a rule rewarded teams scoring three or more🧬 goals in a game with one extra point, regardless of outcome, with the objective of encouraging offensive play. The experience🧬 was ultimately inconclusive. At the start of the 2006–07 season, the league introduced an Attacking Play Table to encourage the🧬 scoring of more goals in Ligue 1 and Ligue 2. The LFP, with the help of the former manager Michel🧬 Hidalgo introduced the idea to reward those teams who score the most goals. The table was similar to the previous🧬 idea, but was independent from the official league table and clubs were only rewarded with monetary bonuses.
In June 2024, the🧬 LFP voted overwhelmingly at its general assembly to contract Ligue 1 back to 18 clubs for the 2024–24 season by🧬 relegating four to, and promoting two from, Ligue 2 after 2024–23.[5]
European qualification [ edit ]
As of the 2024–23 season, as🧬 determined by the UEFA coefficient, the top three teams in Ligue 1 qualify for the Champions League, with the top🧬 two proceeding directly to the group phase. The third-placed team enters in the third qualifying round. The fourth-placed team qualifies🧬 for the UEFA Europa League, the fifth for UEFA Europa Conference League. The last Europa League place is determined through🧬 the country's domestic cup competition, the Coupe de France. If the cup winner qualifies for Europe through their league position,🧬 the sixth-placed team in Ligue 1 will qualify for the Europa League.
Clubs [ edit ]
A total of 74 clubs have🧬 played in Ligue 1 from its foundation in the 1932–33 season to the start of the 2024–24 season.[9] Currently, Marseille,🧬 Metz, Montpellier, Nice and Rennes are the only founding members of the league to be playing in Ligue 1. Paris🧬 Saint-Germain is the only club to have not suffered points relegation. They earned promotion to the first division for the🧬 1974–75 season and have not faltered down since. Paris Saint-Germain was administratively relegated by the league following its split from🧬 Paris FC in 1972, but returned to the top flight two seasons later.
Internationally, the most well-known Ligue 1 clubs include🧬 Marseille, Lyon, Monaco and Lille.
Members for 2024–24 [ edit ]
The following 18 clubs are competing in the 2024–24 Ligue 1🧬 season.
As of start of 2024–24 Ligue 1 season
Finances [ edit ]
Ligue 1 clubs' finances and budgets are managed by the🧬 DNCG (Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion), an organisation responsible for monitoring the accounts of professional association football clubs in🧬 France.[10] It was founded in 1984 and is an administrative directorate of the Ligue de Football Professionnel (LFP). The mission🧬 of the DNCG is to oversee all financial operations of the 44 member clubs of the LFP, develop the resources🧬 of professional clubs, apply sanctions to those clubs breaking the rules of operation, defend the morals and interests of French🧬 football in general.[10]
Following a report by the DNCG, it was determined that the combined budget of Ligue 1 clubs was🧬 €910 million for the 2005–06 season, a 39% increase from the 2002–03 season. The prominent reason for the rise was🧬 mainly associated with the television rights deal the league regularly signs. Excluding Paris Saint-Germain, many of the top division clubs🧬 are extremely healthy with clubs such as Auxerre, Bordeaux, Lille and Lyon being referred to as "managed to perfection".[11] However,🧬 recently the DNCG has encouraged clubs to concentrate on limiting their "skyrocketing wage bills and the magnitude of their debts"🧬 after it was discovered that the LFP clubs accounts as a whole were in the red for the third consecutive🧬 season (2008–2011) with an estimated deficit of €130 million.[12][13] In 2012, the LFP announced that the clubs deficit had been🧬 cut in half from €130 million to €65 million.[14] Ligue 1 ranks fifth in terms of revenue brought in by🧬 clubs with the league bringing in £0.6 billion for the 2006–07 season trailing England, Italy, Spain and Germany.[15]
In terms of🧬 world football, clubs Lyon and Marseille are among the richest football clubs in the world and regularly feature in the🧬 Deloitte Football Money League ranking of football clubs by revenue generated from football operations. In the list compiled in the🧬 2008–09 season, Lyon ranked 13th among clubs generating approximately €139.6 million, while Marseille were right behind them in 14th position🧬 generating €133.2 million.[16]
In 2024, just Paris Saint-Germain was in the top 30 of the Deloitte Football Money League (ranked 4).🧬 From 2024 to 2024, Paris Saint-Germain (ranked between five and seven) and Lyon (ranked between 17 and 28) were part🧬 of the top 30.
Performance by club [ edit ]
Bold indicates clubs playing in 2024–24 Ligue 1.
Notes
a b Lille founding clubs
Records🧬 [ edit ]
Appearances [ edit ]
Notes
^ where player played Ligue 1 games.
Goalscorers [ edit ]
Notes
^ where player scored Ligue 1🧬 goals
Media coverage [ edit ]
Currently Ligue 1 matches in France air on Canal+ and Amazon Prime.
Formally, in France, the Ligue🧬 de Football Professionnel had an exclusive broadcasting agreement with premium pay TV channels, Canal+ and beIN Sports. The latter channel🧬 is operated by Qatar-based broadcaster Al Jazeera. The agreement with Al Jazeera, reached on 23 June 2011, pays the LFP🧬 €510 million over four seasons.[20] Following the announcement of the agreement, it was revealed that Canal+ had acquired four television🧬 packages, while beIN Sports acquired two packages.[21]
In 2024, Mediapro acquired three of the four major packages of LFP media rights🧬 for 2024-21 through 2024, largely replacing Canal+. beIN Sports maintained "lot 3", which contains two matches per-week on Saturday nights🧬 and Sunday afternoons. Mediapro was expected to establish a new channel to house these rights.[22] beIN Sports later sub-licensed this🧬 package to Canal+.[23][24] In June 2024, Mediapro announced a partnership with TF1 to brand the new channel as Téléfoot—an extension🧬 of TF1's long-running football programme of the same name. As part of the agreement, Téléfoot will leverage TF1 talent and🧬 resources, with the programme's hosts Grégoire Margotton and Bixente Lizarazu serving as the lead broadcast team for at least 20🧬 matches per-season.[25][26]
Seeking to renegotiate its contract due to the financial impact of COVID-19, Mediapro began withholding its rights payments to🧬 the LFP in October 2024.[27] LFP CEO Arnaud Rouger stated in October 2024 that they may have to pursue a🧬 new broadcaster if they are unable to resolve the dispute with Mediapro.[28] In December 2024, it was reported that Mediapro🧬 were preparing to wind down Téléfoot, after it agreed to compensate the LFP for the two missed rights payments.[27] In🧬 February 2024, Canal+ reached an interim agreement to acquire the rights packages held by Mediapro for the remainder of the🧬 season, and later sub-licensed Ligue 2 to beIN; Téléfoot shut down on 8 February 2024.[23][29][30]
In June 2024, Canal+ and Amazon🧬 Prime acquired the broadcast rights to Ligue 1.[31]
Awards [ edit ]
Trophy [ edit ]
Ligue 1 trophy: L'Hexagoal.
The current Ligue 1🧬 trophy, L'Hexagoal, was developed by the Ligue de Football Professionnel and designed and created by Pablo Reinoso. The trophy has🧬 been awarded to the champion of France since the end of the 2006–07 season, replacing the previous Ligue 1 trophy🧬 that had existed for only five years. The name Hexagoal was derived from an official competition created by the LFP🧬 and French TV channel TF1 to determine a name for the new trophy. Over 9,000 proposals were sent in and,🧬 on 20 May 2007, French Football Federation member Frédéric Thiriez announced that, following an online vote, the term Hexagoal had🧬 received half of the votes. The first club to hoist the new trophy was Olympique Lyonnais who earned the honour🧬 after winning the 2007–08 season.
Monthly and annual [ edit ]
In addition to the winner's trophy and the individual winner's medal🧬 players receive, Ligue 1 also awards the monthly Player of the Month award. Following the season, the UNFP Awards are🧬 held and awards such as the Player of the Year, Manager of the Year, and Young Player of the Year🧬 from both Ligue 1 and Ligue 2 are handed out.
Ligue 1 Orange (2002–2008)
Ligue 1 Conforama (2024–2024)
Ligue 1 Uber Eats (2024–present)
See🧬 also [ edit ]
Explanatory notes [ edit ]
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